二郎神 Erlang Shen
二郎神，亦称川主、顯聖二郎真君、二郎真君、二郎神君、灌口二郎、灌江神、昭惠靈顯王、赤城王、清源妙道真君，是中国民间和道教的神祇人物。二郎神的民間造像通常为粉面無鬚（少數有八字鬍）、儀容俊雅的少年郎君，诞日有農曆四月二十五日與六月二十四日或二十六日等几种说法。多种官方史籍、方志史料、宗教典籍、神话传说、文人笔记小说以及神魔小说都曾出现过他威武骁勇、斩妖除魔的身影。一般認為二郎神是四川灌县（今都江堰市）的地方神，其信仰起源于唐朝之前四川地区对于秦蜀郡太守李冰次子李二郎的信仰崇拜[1]，并在北宋时期便流行于全中国。在漫长的衍变中，民间吸收李二郎的神格要素，又衍变出劈山救母、担山赶日的楊二郎，并经由《西游记》與《封神演义》的传播而廣為人知。
馮夢龍《醒世恒言》第十三卷《勘皮靴单证二郎神》说北宋汴京已有“清源真君二郎神”庙宇，《宋史》载：“宋徽宗政和七年（1117年）诏修神保观，俗所謂“二郎神”者。京師人素畏之，自春及夏，傾城男女負土以獻，揭榜通衢云某人獻土；又有飾形作鬼使，巡門催納土者。或以為不祥，禁絕之。後金人斡離不圍京師，其國謂之“二郎君”云。
二郎神的來歷有諸多說法，目前以李二郎與楊二郎兩說最為廣為流傳。张政烺認为二郎神是将几种民间俗神，如李冰之次子、赵昱、张仙、杨戬混合而成的：
- 李二郎：秦朝李冰的第二个儿子，曾协助父亲斩杀蛟龙，平定水灾，被称为“灌口二郎”并设祠祭祀。[2][3]
- 蚕丛後裔：道书《灌江备考》記載“二郎为蚕丛之后，故其目纵。”
- 趙二郎：隋朝嘉州太守赵昱（即青城山道士赵昱）也因为斬殺蛟龍，被称为灌口二郎神，被宋真宗封为清源妙道真君。
- 鄧二郎：晋朝襄阳太守鄧遐，因曾經入水斬殺沔水蛟龍，被人尊称为“二郎神”，死後被尊為清源妙道真君。
- 謝玄：晋朝名將，曾在淝水之戰之中打敗前秦可汗苻堅，保持了漢族一線生機。懷念他的百姓尊其為二郎神（謝安則稱為老郎神）。
- 独健：根據唐朝传说，獨健是四大天王北方多聞天王的二子。相傳在唐玄宗期間協助唐軍於安西遭圍城時戰勝敵軍。[4]
- 楊二郎：登場於《西遊記》，昭惠靈顯王二郎姓楊，為玉皇大帝的外甥。法力高強，能夠七十二變，曾幫助天庭捉拿大鬧天宮的孫悟空。《封神演義》登場的清源妙道真君・楊戩即沿用了《西遊記》中二郎神的形象。
Erlang Shen (Chinese: 二郎神; pinyin: Èrláng Shén; Wade–Giles: Êrh-lang Shên; lit. 'Second-Lad God'), also known as Erlang of Guankou (灌口二郎; Guànkǒu Èrláng; Kuan-kʽou Êrh-lang) and the Lord of Sichuan (川主; Chuānzhǔ; Chʽuan-chu), is a Chinese god with a third truth-seeing eye in the middle of his forehead.
Erlang Shen may be a deified version of several semi-mythical folk heroes who helped regulate China's torrential floods dating variously from the Qin, Sui, and Jin dynasties. Later in Chinese Buddhism also identifies him as the second son of the Northern Heavenly King Vaishravana.
In the Ming semi-mythical novels Creation of the Gods and Journey to the West, Erlang Shen is the nephew of the Jade Emperor. In the former, he assists the Zhou army in defeating the Shang. In the latter, he is the second son of a mortal and the Jade Emperor's sister Yaoji. In the legend, he is known as the greatest warrior god of heaven.
Some common representations of Erlang Shen include Yang Jian, Li Erlang, and others. The representation of Erlang Shen as Yang Jian is most common in popular media.
Erlang Shen is mostly portrayed, whether in ancient legends, games, or television, as a noble and powerful warrior god who slays and vanquishes demons and monsters in the mortal realm and who embodies justice and righteousness.[1] He is shown to have vast, superhuman strength, being able to cleave an entire mountain with his axe to save his mother in just one stroke and being capable of 72 Transformations (sometimes said to be 73 Transformations), meaning he can transform into virtually anything he wants.
His main weapon of choice is his "three-pointed, double-edged lance" (三尖兩刃槍), a long three-pointed spear with two cutting edges of a saber. This spear is powerful enough to penetrate and cleave through steel and stone like wool. Erlang wields the Divine Spear with unmatched skill and superior mastery, being an unstoppable force of destruction in battle when wielding said spear, having slain countless evil gods, monstrous demonic beasts, and vast, massive armies of demons and ogres with it. He is almost always accompanied by his faithful Xiaotian Quan ("Howling Celestial Dog") (嘯天犬), which has the ability to viciously attack, maul, and subdue demons and evil spirits.
Erlang Shen has also been portrayed as possessing a unique skill known as the "Nine Turns Divine Skill" (九轉玄功). It grants him vast, physical durability of undefined limits and nigh-invulnerability to conventional weapons and various magic spells. In the novel "Creation of the Gods", Erlang was shown to be completely impervious to hits from various powerful mystical objects due to this skill; he has emerged completely unscathed from mystical weapons and artifacts that have proven capable of severely injuring or even killing other immortals.
The third-eye on his forehead does not have a fixed name, though its most popular name currently is "The Eye of Heaven" (天眼). It has the ability to differentiate truth from lies and see through deceptions and disguises. It may also be used as an offensive weapon, being able to fire continuous, highly destructive blasts of light energy and/or divine fire.
Li Erlang was the second son of Li Bing from the Qin dynasty.[2]
According to the "Story about Li Bing and His Son in Harnessing the Rivers" in the Records of Guansian,[citation needed] Li Erlang assisted his father in the construction of the complex irrigation system that prevented the Min River from flooding and irrigated the Chengdu Plain. In thanks for the prosperity that this brought to them, the local people elevated the father and son to gods and dedicated the Two Kings Temple in their honor.
Legend states that Governor Li Bing sent his son out to discover the source of the flooding. He spent a year exploring the county without success. One day whilst sheltering in a cave, he encountered a tiger which he slew and seven hunters who had witnessed this bravery agreed to join him in his quest.
The group finally came to a cottage on the outskirts of Guan County (modern Dujiangyan City). From within they heard the sound of an old woman crying. The woman was Grandma Wang and she told them that her grandson was to be sacrificed to an evil dragon who was the local river god. Li Erlang reported this to his father who devised a plan to capture the dragon.
The eight friends hid in the River God Temple and jumped out on the dragon when it arrived to claim its offering. The dragon fled to the river pursued by Li Erlang, who eventually captured it. Grandma Wang arrived with an iron chain and the dragon was secured in the pool below the Dragon-Taming Temple, freeing the region from floods.
Another legend tells of Li Erlang suppressing a fire dragon that lived in the mountains north of Dujiangyan by climbing to the top of Mount Yulei, turning into a giant and building a dam with 66 mountains then filling it with water from Dragon Pacifying Pool.[3]
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E9%83%8E%E7%A5%9E
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erlang_Shen
No comments:
Post a Comment