释迦牟尼佛
Shi Chia Mou Ni Fo:
Shakyamuni Buddha
释迦牟尼[註 4]，本名悉達多·喬達摩（梵文：Siddhārtha Gautama，Siddhāttha Gotama）（前623／563／480年—前543／483／400年[註 2]），古南亚地区的思想家、教育家、宗教家、哲學家、婆羅門教的改革家，佛教奠基人。释迦牟尼出生於今尼泊爾南部的王族家庭，為刹帝利種姓。佛教傳入中國後，信眾多稱釋迦牟尼為佛祖。
佛教認為释迦牟尼是世間最尊貴者，弟子與信徒常以世尊稱呼释迦牟尼。但佛教徒認為，佛不是神明，並非宗教意義的神，因為諸佛都本來自人，只是覺悟了而已，經典如《法華經》也認為「眾生皆可成佛」[1]，《增壹阿含經》：「諸佛世尊皆出人間，非由天而得也。」因此，佛教被認為信奉無神主義。但隨著佛教教義東傳，在中國發展歷史悠久，逐漸形成「漢傳佛教」，更於魏晉南北朝時由中國政府大力宣傳，上至皇帝下至平民都普遍信奉佛法。北魏甚至把天子形象融入佛像之中，南梁武帝更因信佛而多次捨棄皇位，出家為僧。到了魏晉南北朝末年，由於漢傳佛教與民間信仰融合，佛教聖人基本上已被神格化。
佛又稱如來，在佛典認定是教化我世界之佛，故稱我佛；又尊稱本師佛，從明朝開始，漢地尊稱释迦牟尼為如來佛祖或如來佛，清代滿人則稱释迦牟尼為佛爺。
Siddhartha Gautama,[e] most commonly referred to as the Buddha ('the awakened'),[f][g] was a wandering ascetic and religious teacher who lived in South Asia during the 6th or 5th century BCE[4][5][6][c] and founded Buddhism. According to Buddhist legends, he was born in Lumbini, in what is now Nepal,[b] to royal parents of the Shakya clan, but renounced his home life to live as a wandering ascetic.[7][h] After leading a life of mendicancy, asceticism, and meditation, he attained nirvana at Bodh Gaya in what is now India. The Buddha then wandered through the lower Indo-Gangetic Plain, teaching and building a monastic order. Buddhist tradition holds he died in Kushinagar and reached parinirvana ("final release from conditioned existence"[8]).[i]
According to Buddhist tradition, the Buddha taught a Middle Way between sensual indulgence and severe asceticism,[9] leading to freedom from ignorance, craving, rebirth, and suffering. His core teachings are summarized in the Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path, a training of the mind that includes ethical training and kindness toward others, and meditative practices such as sense restraint, mindfulness, dhyana (meditation proper) and the concepts of the five skandhas and dependent origination, describing how all dharmas (both mental states and concrete 'things') come into being, and cease to be, depending on other dharmas, lacking an existence on their own svabhava).
A couple of centuries after his death, he came to be known by the title Buddha, which means 'Awakened One' or 'Enlightened One'.[10] His teachings were compiled by the Buddhist community in the Vinaya, his codes for monastic practice, and the Sutta Piṭaka, a compilation of teachings based on his discourses. These were passed down in Middle Indo-Aryan dialects through an oral tradition.[11][12] Later generations composed additional texts, such as systematic treatises known as Abhidharma, biographies of the Buddha, collections of stories about his past lives known as Jataka tales, and additional discourses, i.e., the Mahayana sutras.[13][14]
Buddhism spread beyond the Indian subcontinent, evolving into a variety of traditions and practices. The Buddha is recognized in other religious traditions, such as Hinduism, where he is considered an avatar of Vishnu. His legacy is not only encapsulated in religious institutions, but in the iconography and art inspired by his life and teachings, ranging from aniconic symbols to iconic depictions in various cultural styles.
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8A%E8%BF%A6%E7%89%9F%E5%B0%BC
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Buddha
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